The "Urheimat" of Proto-Finno-Ugric, the hypothetical proto-language of the modern Finno-Ugric languages, cannot be located with any certainty. The area that lies in what is now central and northern European Russia (i.e., west of the Ural mountains) is generally assumed as a likely candidate, at a time of maybe the 3rd millennium BC. This is based on the linguistic migration theory, which appears to suggest a "centre of gravity" somewhere around the middle Volga River, and on reconstructed plant and animal names (notably including spruce, Siberian pine, Siberian Fir, Siberian larch, brittle willow/elm, and hedgehog). Reconstructed Proto-Finno-Ugric contains Indo-Iranian loanwords, notably the words for "honeybee" and "honey", probably from the time when Indo-Iranian tribes (such as Scythians and Sarmatians) inhabited the Eurasian steppes.	Ði "Urheimat" ov Prøtø-Finø-Ügrik, ði haipoþetikl prøtø-langgwij ov ði modern Finø-Ügrik langgwijes, kanot bi løkäted wið eni sertantie. Ði äria ðat laiz in wot iz nau sentral and norðern Üropiean Rösya (i.e., west ov ði Üral mauntins) iz jeneralie asümed az a laiklie kandidat, at a taim ov mäbie ði þird milenium BK. Ðis iz bäsed on ði linggwistik maigrätyon þieorie, wic apirz to söjest a "senter ov gravitie" sömwär araund ði midl Volga River, and on riekonströkted plaant and animal näms (nøtablie inkluuding spruus, Saibieryan pain, Saibieryan fir, Saibieryan larc, britl wilø/elm, and hejhog). Riekonströkted Prøtø-Finø-Ügrik kontänz Indø-Iränyan lønwords, nøtablie ði words for "höniebie" and "hönie", probablie from ði time wen Indø-Iränyan traibs (söc az Siðyans and Sarmäsyans) inhabited ði Ürasyan steps.	Dhi "Urheimat" ov Proutou-Finou-Yugrik, dhi haipothetikl proutou-langgwij ov dhi modern Finou-Yugrik langgwijes, kanot bi loukaeted widh eni sertantie. Dhi aeria dhat laiz in wot iz nau sentral and nordhern Yuropiean Roesya (i.e., west ov dhi Yural mauntins) iz jeneralie asyumed az a laiklie kandidat, at a taim ov maebie dhi third milenium BK. Dhis iz baesed on dhi linggwistik maigraetyon thieorie, wic apirz to soejest a "senter ov gravitie" soemwaer araund dhi midl Volga River, and on riekonstroekted plaant and animal naems (noutablie inkluuding spruus, Saibieryan pain, Saibieryan fir, Saibieryan larc, britl wilou/elm, and hejhog). Riekonstroekted Proutou-Finou-Yugrik kontaenz Indou-Iraenyan lounwords, noutablie dhi words for "hoeniebie" and "hoenie", probablie from dhi time wen Indou-Iraenyan traibs (soec az Sidhyans and Sarmaesyans) inhabited dhi Yurasyan steps.	Di "Ur\.hAim%A:t @v "pr\@Ut@U"fIn@U"j}:gr\Ik- D@ %hAi.p@"TE.tI.kl= "pr\@U.t@U%l@N%gwId-\Z @v D@ "mQ.d_n= "fIn@U"j}:gr\Ik "l@N.gwI.d-\ZIz- k@"nQt bi l@U"kEit.Id wID Eni "s3:.t@n.ti- D@ "E:.r\i.@ D@? laiz In wQt Iz n{U "sEn.t-\Sr\5= @n "nO:.Dn= "j}:r\@%pi:@n "r\V.S@- ai.ji: wEst @v D@ "j}:.r\@5 "m{Un.tInz- Iz "d-\ZEn.r\@li: @s"j}:md @z @ "laI.kli: "k{n.dI.d@t @t @ taIm @v "mEi.bi: D@ T3:.d_} m@"lE.ni.@m bi:.kEi- DIs Iz bEist Qn D@ lIN."gwIs.tIk maI"gr\EI.S@n TI:r\i wIt-\S @"pI:z t@ s@"d-\ZEst @ "sEn.t@r\ @v gr\{.v@.ti: sVm.wE:.r\ @"r\{Un D@ "mI.d_l= "vQ5.g@ "r\I.v@ @n Qn %r\i:.kn="st-\Sr\Vk.tId pl
There is evidence that before the arrival of the Slavic speaking tribes to the area of modern-day Russia, speakers of Finno-Ugric languages may have been scattered across the whole area between the Urals and the Baltic Sea. This was the distribution of the Comb Ceramic Culture, a stone age culture which appears to have corresponded to the Finno-Ugric speaking populations, c. 4200 BC–c. 2000 BC.	Ðer iz evidens ðat befor ði araivl ov ði Slaavik spieking traibs tu ði äria ov modern-dä Rösya, spiekers ov Finø-Ügrik langgwijes mä hav bien skatered akros ði høl äria betwien ði Ürals and ði Baaltik Sie. Ðis woz ði distribütyon ov ði Køm Seramik Költür, a støn-äj költür wic apierz tu hav koresponded tu ði Finø-Ügrik spieking popülätyons, c. 4200-2000 BK.	Dher iz evidens dhat befor dhi araivl ov dhi Slaavik spieking traibs tu dhi aeria ov modern-dae Roesya, spiekers ov Finou-Yugrik langgwijes mae hav bien skatered akros dhi houl aeria betwien dhi Yurals and dhi Baaltik Sie. Dhis woz dhi distribyutyon ov dhi Koum Seramik Koeltyur, a stoun-aej koeltyur wic apierz tu hav koresponded tu dhi Finou-Yugrik spieking popyulaetyons, c. 4200-2000 BK.
There have been attempts to relate the Finno-Ugric languages to the Indo-European languages, but there are not enough similarities to link them with any certainty. Similar inflectional endings exist, but whether or not they are genetically related is not resolvable. A common lexicon not attestable to borrowing is thin, and no sound laws are established. Conversely, there have been suggestions that the Germanic languages evolved from an Indo-European language such as Celtic imposed on a Finnic substrate, but no satisfactory proof yet exists.	Ðer hav bien atempts tu relät ði Finø-Ügrik langgwijes tu ði Indø-Üropiean langgwijes, böt ðer ar not enöf similarities tu link ðem wið enie sertantie. Similar inflektyonal endings ekzist, böt weðer or not ðä ar jenetikalie reläted iz not resolvabl. A komon leksikon not atestabl tu borøing iz þin, and nø saund loos ar establixed. Konverslie, ðer hav bien söjestyons ðat ði Jermanik langgwijes evolved from an Indø-Üropiean langgwij söc az Keltik impøzed on a Finik söbsträt, böt nø satisfaktorie pruuf yet ekzists.	Dher hav bien atempts tu relaet dhi Finou-Yugrik langgwijes tu dhi Indou- Yuropiean langgwijes, boet dher ar not enoef similarities tu link dhem widh enie sertantie. Similar inflektyonal endings ekzist, boet wedher or not dhae ar jenetikalie relaeted iz not resolvabl. A komon leksikon not atestabl tu borouing iz thin, and nou saund loos ar establixed. Konverslie, dher hav bien soejestyons dhat dhi Jermanik langgwijes evolved from an Indou-Yuropiean langgwij soec az Keltik impouzed on a Finik soebstraet, boet nou satisfaktorie pruuf yet ekzists.
A portion of the Baltic-Finnic lexicon is not shared with the remaining Finno-Ugric languages and may be due to a pre-Finnic substrate, which may coincide in part with the substrate of the Indo-European Baltic languages. As far as the Sami (Lappic) languages are concerned, a hypothesis has been advanced that the ancestors of the Sami originally spoke a different language, but adopted their current tongue under the pressure of their Finnic-speaking neighbours.	A portyon ov ði Baaltik-Finik leksikon iz not xäred wið ði remäning Finø-Ügrik langgwijes and mä bi dü tu a prie-Finik söbsträt, wic mä køinsaid in part wið ði söbsträt ov ði Indø-Üropiean Baaltik langgwijes. Az far az ði Saami (Lapik) langgwijes ar konserned, a haipoþesis haz bien advaansed ðat ði ansestors ov ði Saami orijinalie spøk a diferent langgwij, böt adopted ðär körent töng önder ði presyur ov ðär Finik-spieking näburs.	A portyon ov dhi Baaltik-Finik leksikon iz not xaered widh dhi remaening Finou- Yugrik langgwijes and mae bi dyu tu a prie-Finik soebstraet, wic mae kouinsaid in part widh dhi soebstraet ov dhi Indou-Yuropiean Baaltik langgwijes. Az far az dhi Saami (Lapik) langgwijes ar konserned, a haipothesis haz bien advaansed dhat dhi ansestors ov dhi Saami orijinalie spouk a diferent langgwij, boet adopted dhaer koerent toeng oender dhi presyur ov dhaer Finik-spieking naeburs.
According to data obtained in several representative studies on the genes of Europeans, strong presence of genetic lines which can be associated with the modern Finnic-speaking peoples are found throughout northern Europe from the British Isles to the Ural area.	Akording tu däta obtäned in sevral reprezentativ stödies on ði jiens ov Üropieans, strong prezens of jenetik lains wic kan bi asøsiäted wið ði modern Finik-spieking piepls ar faund þruuaut norðern Ürop from ði Britix Ails to ði Üral äria.	Akording tu daeta obtaened in sevral reprezentativ stoedies on dhi jiens ov Yuropieans, strong prezens of jenetik lains wic kan bi asousiaeted widh dhi modern Finik-spieking piepls ar faund thruuaut nordhern Yurop from dhi Britix Ails to dhi Yural aeria.
According to the interpretation of the geneticists who conducted the study, the ancestors of modern Germanic and Slavic-speaking peoples were in fact largely speakers of Finno-Ugric languages at some earlier time. Weak presence of the genes which could associate them with, for example, the earliest Indo-European peoples indicates that the Indo-European languages were taken over from more advanced, but less numerous, newcomers as a part of "cultural package" at the time of the Neolithic Revolution - shift from gathering to agriculture. Thus, the Finno-Ugric languages and their modern speakers do not originate in the area near the Ural mountains, but rather likely were one of the three indigenous European ethnic groups, which together provided about 80% of modern European genetic material. Proto-Finno-Ugric was perhaps the original language of North-East Europe. Going back further in time, according to Kalevi Wiik, the earliest Finno-Ugric speakers and their languages were likely to originate from the territory of modern Ukraine (the so-called “Ukrainian refuge”) during the last glacial period, when the whole of northern Europe was covered with ice.	Akording tu ði interpretätyon ov ði jenetisists hu kondökted ði stödie, ði ansestors ov modern Jermanik and Slaavik-spieking piepls wer in fakt larjlie spiekers ov Finø-Ügrik langgwijes at söm erlier taim. Wiek presens of ði jiens wic köd asøsiät ðem wið, for eksaampl, ði erliest Indø-Üropiean piepls indicätz ðat ði Indø-Üropiean langgwijes wer täken øver from mor advaansed, böt les nümerös, nükömers az a part ov "költüral pakaj" at ði taim ov ði Nieoliþik Revoluutyon - xift from gaðering tu agriköltür. Ðus, ði Finø-Ügrik langgwijes and ðär modern spiekers du not orijinät in ði äria nier ði Üral mauntins, böt raaðer laiklie wer wön ov ði þrie indijinös Üropiean jenetik matirial. Protø-Finø-Ügrik woz perhaps ði orijinal langgwij of Norþ-Iest Ürop. Gøing bak farðer in taim, akording tu Kalevi Wiik, ði erliest Finø-Ügrik spiekers and ðär langgwijes wer laiklie tu orijinät from ði teritorie ov modern Ükrän (ði so-kaaled "Ükränyan refüj") düring ði laast gläsyal pieriod, wen ði høl ov norðern Ürop waz kövered wið ais.	Akording tu dhi interpretaetyon ov dhi jenetisists hu kondoekted dhi stoedie, dhi ansestors ov modern Jermanik and Slaavik-spieking piepls wer in fakt larjlie spiekers ov Finou-Yugrik langgwijes at soem erlier taim. Wiek presens of dhi jiens wic koed asousiaet dhem widh, for eksaampl, dhi erliest Indou-Yuropiean piepls indicaetz dhat dhi Indou-Yuropiean langgwijes wer taeken ouver from mor advaansed, boet les nyumeroes, nyukoemers az a part ov "koeltyural pakaj" at dhi taim ov dhi Nieolithik Revoluutyon - xift from gadhering tu agrikoeltyur. Dhus, dhi Finou-Yugrik langgwijes and dhaer modern spiekers du not orijinaet in dhi aeria nier dhi Yural mauntins, boet raadher laiklie wer woen ov dhi thrie indijinoes Yuropiean jenetik matirial. Protou-Finou-Yugrik woz perhaps dhi orijinal langgwij of North-Iest Yurop. Gouing bak fardher in taim, akording tu Kalevi Wiik, dhi erliest Finou-Yugrik spiekers and dhaer langgwijes wer laiklie tu orijinaet from dhi teritorie ov modern Yukraen (dhi so-kaaled "Yukraenyan refyuj") dyuring dhi laast glaesyal pieriod, wen dhi houl ov nordhern Yurop waz koevered widh ais.
It should be noted that genes do not necessarily correlate with languages, and that many of the above interpretations given by geneticists are not accepted by the majority of archaeologists and linguists, most of whom still put the Finno-Ugric Urheimat in the central or northeastern part of European Russia or the area of the Ural Mountains in Neolithic Europe, identifying it with the Comb Ceramic culture. Wiik’s interpretation of Neolithic farmers as early Indo-Europeans also contradicts the prevailing Kurgan hypothesis.	It xud bi nøted ðat jiens du not neseserilie korelät wið langgwijes, and ðat menie ov ði aböv interpretätyons given bai jenetesists ar not aksepted bai ðe majoritie ov arkieolojists and linggwists, møst ov hum stil pöt ði Finø-Ügrik Urheimat in ði sentral or norþiestern part ov Üropiean Rusya or ði äria ov ði Üral Mauntins in Nieoliþik Ürop, aidentifaiing it wið ði Køm Seramik költür. Wiiks interpretätyon ov Nieoliþik farmers as erlie Indø-Üropieans aalsø kontradikts ði preväling Kurgan haipoþesis.	It xud bi nouted dhat jiens du not neseserilie korelaet widh langgwijes, and dhat menie ov dhi aboev interpretaetyons given bai jenetesists ar not aksepted bai dhe majoritie ov arkieolojists and linggwists, moust ov hum stil poet dhi Finou-Yugrik Urheimat in dhi sentral or northiestern part ov Yuropiean Rusya or dhi aeria ov dhi Yural Mauntins in Nieolithik Yurop, aidentifaiing it widh dhi Koum Seramik koeltyur. Wiiks interpretaetyon ov Nieolithik farmers as erlie Indou-Yuropieans aalsou kontradikts dhi prevaeling Kurgan haipothesis.
Wiik's theories have strong opposition in traditional linguistics. Many see his theories as unscientific.	Wiiks þieories hav strong opøzityon in tradixonal linggwistiks. Menie sie hiz þieories az unsaientifik.	Wiiks thieories hav strong opouzityon in tradixonal linggwistiks. Menie sie hiz thieories az unsaientifik.