The "Urheimat" of Proto-Finno-Ugric, the hypothetical proto-language of the modern Finno-Ugric languages, cannot be located with any certainty. The area that lies in what is now central and northern European Russia (i.e., west of the Ural mountains) is generally assumed as a likely candidate, at a time of maybe the 3rd millennium BC. This is based on the linguistic migration theory, which appears to suggest a "centre of gravity" somewhere around the middle Volga River, and on reconstructed plant and animal names (notably including spruce, Siberian pine, Siberian Fir, Siberian larch, brittle willow/elm, and hedgehog). Reconstructed Proto-Finno-Ugric contains Indo-Iranian loanwords, notably the words for "honeybee" and "honey", probably from the time when Indo-Iranian tribes (such as Scythians and Sarmatians) inhabited the Eurasian steppes. Ði "Urheimat" ov Prøtø-Finø-Ügrik, ði haipoþetikl prøtø-langgwij ov ði modern Finø-Ügrik langgwijes, kanot bi løkäted wið eni sertantie. Ði äria ðat laiz in wot iz nau sentral and norðern Üropiean Rösya (i.e., west ov ði Üral mauntins) iz jeneralie asümed az a laiklie kandidat, at a taim ov mäbie ði þird milenium BK. Ðis iz bäsed on ði linggwistik maigrätyon þieorie, wic apirz to söjest a "senter ov gravitie" sömwär araund ði midl Volga River, and on riekonströkted plaant and animal näms (nøtablie inkluuding spruus, Saibieryan pain, Saibieryan fir, Saibieryan larc, britl wilø/elm, and hejhog). Riekonströkted Prøtø-Finø-Ügrik kontänz Indø-Iränyan lønwords, nøtablie ði words for "höniebie" and "hönie", probablie from ði time wen Indø-Iränyan traibs (söc az Siðyans and Sarmäsyans) inhabited ði Ürasyan steps. There is evidence that before the arrival of the Slavic speaking tribes to the area of modern-day Russia, speakers of Finno-Ugric languages may have been scattered across the whole area between the Urals and the Baltic Sea. This was the distribution of the Comb Ceramic Culture, a stone age culture which appears to have corresponded to the Finno-Ugric speaking populations, c. 4200 BC–c. 2000 BC. Ðer iz evidens ðat befor ði araivl ov ði Slaavik spieking traibs tu ði äria ov modern-dä Rösya, spiekers ov Finø-Ügrik langgwijes mä hav bien skatered akros ði høl äria betwien ði Ürals and ði Baaltik Sie. Ðis woz ði distribütyon ov ði Køm Seramik Költür, a støn-äj költür wic apierz tu hav koresponded tu ði Finø-Ügrik spieking popülätyons, c. 4200-2000 BK. There have been attempts to relate the Finno-Ugric languages to the Indo-European languages, but there are not enough similarities to link them with any certainty. Similar inflectional endings exist, but whether or not they are genetically related is not resolvable. A common lexicon not attestable to borrowing is thin, and no sound laws are established. Conversely, there have been suggestions that the Germanic languages evolved from an Indo-European language such as Celtic imposed on a Finnic substrate, but no satisfactory proof yet exists. Ðer hav bien atempts tu relät ði Finø-Ügrik langgwijes tu ði Indø-Üropiean langgwijes, böt ðer ar not enöf similarities tu link ðem wið enie sertantie. Similar inflektyonal endings ekzist, böt weðer or not ðä ar jenetikalie reläted iz not resolvabl. A komon leksikon not atestabl tu borøing iz þin, and nø saund loos ar establixed. Konverslie, ðer hav bien söjestyons ðat ði Jermanik langgwijes evolved from an Indø-Üropiean langgwij söc az Keltik impøzed on a Finik söbsträt, böt nø satisfaktorie pruuf yet ekzists. A portion of the Baltic-Finnic lexicon is not shared with the remaining Finno-Ugric languages and may be due to a pre-Finnic substrate, which may coincide in part with the substrate of the Indo-European Baltic languages. As far as the Sami (Lappic) languages are concerned, a hypothesis has been advanced that the ancestors of the Sami originally spoke a different language, but adopted their current tongue under the pressure of their Finnic-speaking neighbours. A portyon ov ði Baaltik-Finik leksikon iz not xäred wið ði remäning Finø-Ügrik langgwijes and mä bi dü tu a prie-Finik söbsträt, wic mä køinsaid in part wið ði söbsträt ov ði Indø-Üropiean Baaltik langgwijes. Az far az ði Saami (Lapik) langgwijes ar konserned, a haipoþesis haz bien advaansed ðat ði ansestors ov ði Saami orijinalie spøk a diferent langgwij, böt adopted ðer körent töng önder ði presyur ov ðer Finik-spieking näburs. According to data obtained in several representative studies on the genes of Europeans, strong presence of genetic lines which can be associated with the modern Finnic-speaking peoples are found throughout northern Europe from the British Isles to the Ural area. Akording tu däta obtäned in sevral reprezentativ stödies on ði jiens ov Üropieans, strong prezens of jenetik lains wic kan bi asøsiäted wið ði modern Finik-spieking piepls ar faund þruuaut norðern Ürop from ði Britix Ails to ði Üral äria. According to the interpretation of the geneticists who conducted the study, the ancestors of modern Germanic and Slavic-speaking peoples were in fact largely speakers of Finno-Ugric languages at some earlier time. Weak presence of the genes which could associate them with, for example, the earliest Indo-European peoples indicates that the Indo-European languages were taken over from more advanced, but less numerous, newcomers as a part of "cultural package" at the time of the Neolithic Revolution - shift from gathering to agriculture. Thus, the Finno-Ugric languages and their modern speakers do not originate in the area near the Ural mountains, but rather likely were one of the three indigenous European ethnic groups, which together provided about 80% of modern European genetic material. Proto-Finno-Ugric was perhaps the original language of North-East Europe. Going back further in time, according to Kalevi Wiik, the earliest Finno-Ugric speakers and their languages were likely to originate from the territory of modern Ukraine (the so-called “Ukrainian refuge”) during the last glacial period, when the whole of northern Europe was covered with ice. Akording tu ði interpretätyon ov ði jenetisists hu kondökted ði stödie, ði ansestors ov modern Jermanik and Slaavik-spieking piepls wer in fakt larjlie spiekers ov Finø-Ügrik langgwijes at söm erlier taim. Wiek presens of ði jiens wic köd asøsiät ðem wið, for eksaampl, ði erliest Indø-Üropiean piepls indicätz ðat ði Indø-Üropiean langgwijes wer täken øver from mor advaansed, böt les nümerös, nükömers az a part ov "költüral pakaj" at ði taim ov ði Nieoliþik Revoluutyon - xift from gaðering tu agriköltür. Ðus, ði Finø-Ügrik langgwijes and ðer modern spiekers du not orijinät in ði äria nier ði Üral mauntins, böt raaðer laiklie wer wön ov ði þrie indijinös Üropiean jenetik matirial. Protø-Finø-Ügrik woz perhaps ði orijinal langgwij of Norþ-Iest Ürop. Gøing bak farðer in taim, akording tu Kalevi Wiik, ði erliest Finø-Ügrik spiekers and ðer langgwijes wer laiklie tu orijinät from ði teritorie ov modern Ükrän (ði so-kaaled "Ükränyan refüj") düring ði laast gläsyal pieriod, wen ði høl ov norðern Ürop waz kövered wið ais. It should be noted that genes do not necessarily correlate with languages, and that many of the above interpretations given by geneticists are not accepted by the majority of archaeologists and linguists, most of whom still put the Finno-Ugric Urheimat in the central or northeastern part of European Russia or the area of the Ural Mountains in Neolithic Europe, identifying it with the Comb Ceramic culture. Wiik’s interpretation of Neolithic farmers as early Indo-Europeans also contradicts the prevailing Kurgan hypothesis. It xöd bi nøted ðat jiens du not neseserilie korelät wið langgwijes, and ðat menie ov ði aböv interpretätyons given bai jenetesists ar not aksepted bai ðe majoritie ov arkieolojists and linggwists, møst ov hum stil pöt ði Finø-Ügrik Urheimat in ði sentral or norþiestern part ov Üropiean Rusya or ði äria ov ði Üral Mauntins in Nieoliþik Ürop, aidentifaiing it wið ði Køm Seramik költür. Wiiks interpretätyon ov Nieoliþik farmers as erlie Indø-Üropieans aalsø kontradikts ði preväling Kurgan haipoþesis. Wiik's theories have strong opposition in traditional linguistics. Many see his theories as unscientific. Wiiks þieories hav strong opøzityon in tradixonal linggwistiks. Menie sie hiz þieories az unsaientifik.